(Late Prepper)—For preppers, access to clean, potable water is a cornerstone of survival planning. Water is essential for drinking, cooking, hygiene, and even medical needs, yet it’s one of the most vulnerable resources in an emergency.
Natural disasters, infrastructure failures, or societal disruptions can contaminate or cut off water supplies, making it critical to secure and store water effectively. This article outlines practical strategies for preppers to ensure a reliable, safe water supply, covering sourcing, treatment, storage, and long-term management.
1. Understand Your Water Needs
Before diving into storage and security, calculate your water requirements. The general guideline is one gallon per person per day for drinking, cooking, and basic hygiene. However, this can vary based on climate, activity level, and special needs (e.g., medical conditions or pets). For a family of four planning for a 30-day emergency, you’d need at least 120 gallons of potable water. Factor in additional water for sanitation or livestock if applicable.
2. Sourcing Potable Water
Securing a reliable water source is the first step. Here are the primary options:
Municipal or Well Water
- Pros: Tap water from a municipal supply or well is often already treated and safe to store.
- Cons: Municipal water may contain chlorine or other chemicals, and wells can be contaminated by runoff or equipment failure.
- Action: Test well water regularly for bacteria, nitrates, and heavy metals. If using tap water, confirm its safety through local water quality reports.
Natural Sources (Rivers, Lakes, Rainwater)
- Pros: Rainwater and natural bodies of water can provide abundant supplies, especially in rural areas.
- Cons: These sources are prone to contamination from pollutants, bacteria, or algae.
- Action: Collect rainwater using clean, food-grade barrels or tarps. For natural sources, prioritize filtration and purification (see below).
Bottled Water
- Pros: Convenient, pre-sealed, and often has a long shelf life.
- Cons: Expensive and takes up significant storage space.
- Action: Stockpile bottled water as a backup but don’t rely on it exclusively due to cost and logistics.
3. Treating Water for Potability
Water from unverified sources must be treated to eliminate pathogens, chemicals, and sediments. Use a multi-step process:
Filtration
- Purpose: Removes debris, sediment, and some microorganisms.
- Tools: Portable gravity filters (e.g., Berkey, Sawyer), ceramic filters, or DIY sand/charcoal filters.
- Tip: Choose a filter with a pore size of 0.1 microns or smaller to remove bacteria and protozoa.
Purification
- Boiling: Boil water for at least one minute (three minutes at high altitudes) to kill pathogens.
- Chemical Treatment: Use chlorine dioxide tablets, iodine, or unscented household bleach (8 drops per gallon, let sit 30 minutes). Ensure proper dosage to avoid toxicity.
- UV Purification: Devices like SteriPEN use ultraviolet light to neutralize pathogens. Effective but requires batteries or solar power.
- Distillation: Removes contaminants by evaporating and condensing water. Ideal for removing heavy metals but energy-intensive.
Testing
- Use water test kits to verify potability after treatment, checking for pH, bacteria, and chemical contaminants.
4. Storing Potable Water Safely
Proper storage prevents contamination and extends shelf life. Follow these guidelines:
Containers
- Food-Grade Containers: Use BPA-free plastic, stainless steel, or glass containers labeled for potable water. Avoid repurposed containers that held non-food items.
- Sizes: Store water in a mix of sizes—large 55-gallon barrels for bulk storage, 5-gallon jugs for portability, and smaller bottles for daily use.
- Sealing: Ensure containers are airtight to prevent contamination.
Storage Conditions
- Cool, Dark Location: Store water away from direct sunlight to prevent algae growth and plastic degradation. Ideal temperature is 50-70°F.
- Elevated Storage: Keep containers off concrete floors to avoid chemical leaching. Use pallets or shelves.
- Sanitization: Before filling, sanitize containers with a solution of 1 tsp unscented bleach per gallon of water, then rinse thoroughly.
Rotation and Shelf Life
- Tap Water: Replace every 6-12 months due to potential chemical breakdown or microbial growth.
- Bottled Water: Check expiration dates; most last 1-2 years but can be safe longer if unopened and stored properly.
- Treated Water: If you treat and store water yourself, rotate every 6 months unless using preservatives like water stabilizer drops (follow product instructions).
5. Securing Your Water Supply
Protecting your water from theft, contamination, or environmental damage is critical in a crisis.
Physical Security
- Hidden Storage: Conceal water reserves in basements, root cellars, or camouflaged outdoor caches to deter theft.
- Locks and Barriers: Secure storage areas with locks or reinforced doors. For outdoor tanks, use tamper-proof valves.
- Redundancy: Distribute water across multiple locations to mitigate loss from damage or looting.
Environmental Protection
- Weatherproofing: Insulate outdoor containers to prevent freezing in winter or overheating in summer.
- Contamination Barriers: Elevate tanks to avoid floodwater. Use screens on rainwater collection systems to block debris and insects.
Backup Systems
- Redundant Sources: Maintain access to multiple water sources (e.g., well, rainwater, and bottled water).
- Portable Solutions: Keep collapsible water pouches or hydration bladders in bug-out bags for mobility.
6. Long-Term Water Management
For extended scenarios, preppers need sustainable water strategies.
Rainwater Harvesting Systems
- Install gutters and food-grade barrels to collect rainwater. Add a first-flush diverter to discard initial runoff, which may contain roof debris.
- Regularly clean and sanitize collection systems to prevent contamination.
Well Maintenance
- Protect wells from surface contamination with proper casing and seals. Install hand pumps as a backup for power outages.
Water Recycling
- Reuse graywater (from washing dishes or clothes) for non-potable purposes like gardening after filtering and treating.
- Explore DIY distillation systems for recycling contaminated water in extreme scenarios.
Skill Development
- Learn to locate water in the wild (e.g., digging near riverbeds or following animal tracks).
- Practice building solar stills or transpiration bags to extract water from soil or plants.
7. Essential Gear for Water Security
Stock these tools to ensure water access and safety:
- Portable Filters: Sawyer Mini or LifeStraw for on-the-go filtration.
- Purification Tablets: Chlorine dioxide or iodine for quick treatment.
- Collapsible Containers: For temporary storage during relocation.
- Water Test Kits: To verify potability in unknown conditions.
- Hand Pump or Siphon: For accessing large containers or wells without power.
- Solar-Powered UV Purifier: For off-grid purification.
8. Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Neglecting Rotation: Stagnant water can grow bacteria or become undrinkable.
- Using Non-Food-Grade Containers: Chemicals from improper containers can leach into water.
- Over-Reliance on One Source: A single contaminated or inaccessible source can jeopardize your supply.
Ignoring Security: Unprotected water is a target in a crisis.
Conclusion
Securing and storing potable water is a non-negotiable priority for preppers. By diversifying sources, treating water effectively, storing it in safe conditions, and protecting it from threats, you can ensure your family’s survival in any scenario. Start small—stockpile bottled water and portable filters—then scale up to bulk storage and harvesting systems. Regularly review and rotate your supply, and practice water treatment techniques to stay prepared. Water isn’t just a resource; it’s life itself. Plan accordingly.
